1. Holden
   Honda
2. Ferrari
   Jaguar

VTEC, which stands for Valve Timing and Lift Electronic Control, was created by Honda in 1983 as a way to push the limits of efficiency for the four-stroke engine. The result is better performance at higher RPMs, meaning the engines behave normally when driven at low to mid RPMs.

1. United States
   Canada
2. China
   Germany

Dating back to 2008, the Chinese auto market has been the largest in the world, when it comes to the number of cars sold. That fact means many automakers concentrate on what Chinese consumers want when developing certain vehicles.

1. to gain the popular vote
   for world peace
2. to heat the engine all the way up
   to heat up the tires

While burnouts look cool, they heat up tires, which helps with traction for a better off-the-line start, especially if a car is using racing slicks. A burnout will also shed rocks and other debris that might have stuck to the tires, keeping the track free of extra stuff.

1. better theft protection
   quicker starts
2. a famous Porsche engineer was left-handed
   Porsche likes to screw with people

Porsche started installing ignitions on the left side of the steering wheel thanks to the brand's competing in Le Mans races. This enabled drivers to run to the car, jump in, shift into first while turning on the engine, giving them a slight time advantage.

1. puts extra wear on the drivetrain components
   throw a rod
2. explode the transmission
   shear the flywheel clean off

No, doing this won't make your transmission suddenly fall out of the car, or trigger a huge explosion in the engine, despite what some people believe. But, it does put an extra strain on numerous drivetrain components, because you're suddenly slamming the car into drive while everything's moving in the other direction, which can lead to some expensive repairs far earlier.

1. they look cool
   expel excess heat faster
2. they make you turn more precisely
   they drop curb weight

Slotting cut into brake rotors, as well as cross-drilling and also vented rotor designs, are all about shedding heat built up from friction between the brake pads and rotors. They provide the heat with a pathway to escape quickly, like taking the lid off a pot of boiling water, avoiding risks like brake fade.

1. USA
   Japan
2. Germany
   Egypt

While there's some controversy over whether the three-wheeled car with a one-cylinder two-stroke engine invented by Carl Benz was indeed the first car, most people accept that it was.

1. It stagnates.
   It decreases.
2. It increases.
   nothing

The air in your tires is absolutely affected by temperature, because it's a gas. At the beginning of winter you need to pay attention to air pressure, because it can drop, reducing traction. In the summer your tires might become overinflated, increasing the risk of a blowout.

1. air foils
   ram air
2. hood scoops
   heat extractors

Some high-performance cars have heat extractors to keep temperatures under the hood from getting out of control. Often, air enters through the front fascia and is channel over the engine before leaving through the extractor.

1. have fun in Moab
   win the Baja 1000
2. transport military personnel during WWII
   climb Mount McKinley

The US military originally commissioned Jeeps to be made en masse during WWII as an agile transport. It even served as a reconnaissance vehicle, running behind enemy lines by going off the roads and allowing GIs to scout enemy positions.

1. the car rockets ahead
   it will start driving backwards
2. the car spins out of control
   one huge burnout

There's a reason why a parking brake is called what it is, because you're only supposed to use it once the vehicle is stationary. If you need to slow down at speed, let off the accelerator or press the brake pedal.

1. breakout
   approach
2. breakover
   departure

Before you take a vehicle on trails and start climbing over obstacles, you need to have a solid understanding of the approach, breakover and departure angles. Knowing these will help you not get stuck or caught in a dangerous situation.

1. It's a silly tradition.
   It keeps the tires heated up.
2. to test the suspension
   to recalibrate the steering

When following the pace car, you'll notice many NASCAR, F1 and other racers zig-zag the car, which builds up heat through the extra friction. That heat makes the tires stickier, improving handling, acceleration and even braking performance.

1. to keep wheels on the ground from moving at all
   to push the wheels further out from the hubs
2. to tuck the wheels more into the wheel wells
   to clean brake dust off the wheels

Wheel chocks can be made out of a variety of materials, but they're made into a wedge-like shape. One side sits flat on the ground, while another has a tread pattern on it, keeping the tires from slipping, so the car stays stationary when you only have one end on jack stands or ramps.

1. the dog breed
   They were originally made of crates called boxes.
2. the Porsche Boxer
   from the piston movements looking like a boxer punching

If you look at a four-cylinder boxer or flat engine from the top-down, and could see the internal movements, you'd notice that the cylinders on each side alternate strokes, making them look similar to a boxer punching a bag while practicing.

1. It was good exercise.
   They used 6-stroke engines.
2. They lacked modern starters.
   The engines lacked a crankshaft.

Back in the day, many cars didn't have a starter like what we benefit from today, so drivers had to use the manual crank to fire up the engine. It wasn't exactly a convenient method, plus sometimes engines would kick back, making the crank move the other direction, which could be dangerous.

1. slightly loosen the lug nuts
   Jack it up.
2. Drive it onto ramps.
   Hit the wheels with a hammer.

The lug nuts on your car's wheels should be tightened quite securely, so loosening them at first requires a bit of force. You can't do that once the car is on a jack, otherwise you risk knocking it off the jack, so loosen the lug nuts slightly, then jack up the car and remove the lug nuts the rest of the way.

1. water
   air
2. dry ice
   magic

As the car drives and coolant flows through the radiator, air flows through the radiator. The heat from the coolant transfers to the air, thanks to small fins that are attached to the passageways where the coolant travels.

1. MagneRide
   Magnesuspense
2. Magnetic Dampening
   IronClad

The MagneRide system boosts performance and isolates everyone in a vehicle from harsh road conditions, thanks to shock absorbers filled with a mixture of iron particles floating in synthetic hydrocarbon oil, which can quickly be magnetized to stiffen or soften the suspension as needed.

1. It's superior in every way.
   Twin turbo usually means sequential turbochargers.
2. Twin turbo features turbos that are exactly alike.
   They're the same thing.

While some people may use the two terms interchangeably, in general a twin-turbo system has sequential turbos. That means one is a small turbo that spools up quickly, proving boost a low RPMs, while the second is larger and helps with high-end power. Biturbo setups usually feature two turbos of the same size, but that get their exhaust gases from only half of the cylinders each.

1. Chevrolet Corvair
   Chevrolet Corvette
2. Honda Civic
   Volkswagen 1600

Bosch was a pioneer in electronic fuel injection, which the components producer used successfully in the 1967 Volkswagen 1600, making it the first mass-produced car to use the technology. The improved fuel efficiency became popular during the oil crisis a short time later, and the push for improved vehicle emissions also encourage automakers to use the tech.

1. Germany
   bootleggers
2. Formula One
   Ford

During Prohibition in the United States, people in the Appalachian area came up with a creative way to get bootlegged alcohol to speakeasies. They would hire young men with cars that looked stock, but were modified to outrun the police, which led to the creation of NASCAR.

1. You lightly apply the brakes going into a turn.
   when the emergency brake slowly stops working
2. temporary reduction or complete loss of braking power
   a method in hypermiling to increase fuel economy

Brake fade happens when the brake pads and rotors rubbing against each other don't generate enough friction to slow or stop a vehicle consistently. It's a temporary condition that goes away once the pads and rotors cool some.

1. more even weight distribution
   It allows for more seating space.
2. The engine cools more rapidly.
   You don't risk the engine flooding.

Having a big, heavy engine sitting at the front or rear of a car creates an imbalance in how the weight is spread out, which negatively impacts handling and braking performance. Of course, a mid-engine layout means the vehicle can only have two seats, so it's not always practical.

1. flat
   interference
2. mnemonic
   non-interference

A timing chain or belt helps ensure the pistons and valves in an interference engine don't cross paths and collide. That means if the chain or belt breaks, you likely will have to replace several engine components.

1. bad valve springs
   blown head gasket
2. blown catalytic converter
   The oil is too old.

When you first start up an engine, the exhaust might appear white, but as you drive and the engine reaches its normal operating temperature, that should no longer be the case. White smoke usually indicates the cylinders are burning coolant, which usually happens because the head gasket is blow, but a cracked block is another possibility.

1. soaks up heat
   lubricates parts
2. elongates belt life
   removes deposits

The oil in your car's engine performs several vital functions, but as it becomes dirty and the viscosity breaks down, those benefits start to go away. That's why you need to be diligent about changing the oil regularly.

1. You avoid damaging the bolts.
   The components don't come loose at speed.
2. The car runs just as it was designed.
   All of these are correct.

If you're going to do work on your car, always use a torque wrench and look up the torque values for the bolts and other fasteners, as specified by the automaker. You'll avoid plenty of problems doing this.

1. their head
   the engine
2. the differential
   the winch

When you're rolling over big rocks or fallen trees, the differential is at risk of getting damaged, since it hangs lower than most other components in the chassis. If you puncture the cover, fluid might leak out and cause the differential to seize, which is a costly repair.

1. It only sipped gas
   It was sporty and fun
2. It was more affordable than a Ford Escort
   It used a four-cycle engine

While you might think BMW is an exciting, performance-oriented brand, that wasn't always the image portrayed by the brand. It was the 2002 with its 2.0-liter engine and tight handling that first really established Bimmers as fun cars made for enthusiasts.

1. It burns oil.
   Nobody wanted them.
2. inefficient design
   poor emissions

The Wankel rotary engine provides some amazing benefits, including smooth power delivery, amazing weight-to-power ratios and fewer moving parts than other engines. Those pluses were outweighed by the drawbacks, especially when it came to fuel efficiency and emissions.

1. high compression
   greater efficiency
2. no need for turbocharging
   nitrous oxide mixed into the fuel

Direct or port injection engines not only are more efficient, they often produce higher output for improved performance. That doesn't mean there aren't drawbacks, namely the valves getting dirtier over time.

1. They have larger collectors.
   They're always made of carbon fiber.
2. Exhaust gases are liquid-cooled.
   They contain twin turbos.

Integrated exhaust manifolds don't take up as much space in the engine compartment, they weigh less, plus they reduce turbo lag and help the engine reach operating temperature faster, which is why they're catching on.

1. It sounds cool.
   to inject nitrous oxide
2. to maintain safe boost pressures
   to allow for water injection

Without a wastegate, you could easily blow your turbo accidentally if it produces too much pressure. Everything mechanical has its limits, and the wastegate helps the turbo stay within its limits.

1. rock crawling
   fording rivers
2. high-speed off-road races
   drag racing

The specs for a trophy truck mostly relate to safety standards, but they usually feature a high-powered engine and long travel suspensions. These are purpose-built trucks usually never used on the street.