1. Crankshaft
   Pinions
2. Flywheel
   Drive belt

The crankshaft spins as the pistons pump up and down, creating the rotational force that's necessary to turn the axle and spin the wheels in your car and thus creating motion. It's a pretty important part of the engine.

1. Spark plug
   Alternator
2. Starter motor
   Ignition coil

Your alternator is the part that keeps your battery from dying as you drive by constantly charging it. You can drive a car without an alternator; you just can't drive it for anywhere near as long as you can with one installed.

1. Muffler
   Catalytic converter
2. Alternator
   Distributor

The catalytic converter's job is to catalyze a reaction that combines oxygen with unburned hydrocarbons in your exhaust to create carbon dioxide and water. Yes, carbon dioxide is bad, but it's not as dangerous as the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons that would be expelled otherwise.

1. Distributor
   Glow plug
2. Magneto
   Turbocharger

The distributor in a car is a rotating shaft, like the crankshaft, just with a very different function. It's one of those precision parts that has to route voltage to the spark plugs in the correct firing order.

1. Turbocharger
   Glowplug
2. Alternator
   Carburetor

Carburetors are generally only found in more classic cars these days, thanks to the prevalence of fuel-injection systems. Their purpose was to mix air and fuel in the proper ratio to allow for combustion in your engine.

1. Rocker arm
   Gudgeon pin
2. Brake calipers
   Drive belt

Calipers are the part of the brake assembly that holds the brake pads and pistons. Fixed calipers, as the name implies, don't move. Floating calipers, on the other hand, do move along with the brakes in motion.

1. Crank case
   Kingpin
2. Differential
   Spoiler

While most cars don't need a spoiler and they're just there for aesthetics, the point of the wing-style spoilers is to work like an airplane wing in reverse, creating a down force that keeps the car on the road without adding weight. Smaller spoilers, as opposed to wings, are supposed to make the car more aerodynamic, but some of them actually do the opposite.

1. Turbocharger
   Fuel injector
2. Air filter
   Radiator

A turbocharger is generally just called turbo, and the point is to force more air into the engine. A typical engine has to rely on either ram air intake or normal aspiration provided by atmospheric pressure. The turbo amps up the air intake to increase combustion and in turn improve performance.

1. Clutch assembly
   Gudgeon
2. Diferential
   Bell housing

The bell housing gets its name because it has a bell shape. It's a metal covering that's bolted to the engine, and it protects the flywheel and other parts of the clutch assembly in the transmission so they don't get wet, dirty, greasy and whatever else.

1. Steering column
   Clutch
2. Gear stick
   Drivetrain

Some people call it a shifter or a gear shift, but the gear stick is the lever in the car that you use to shift through gears in a manual transmission car. It should have a little map on top of it in the form of a diagram that shows where and how to shift to the gear you want.

1. Rocker panels
   Quarter panels
2. Cowl screen
   Fascia

The rocker panel on your car runs front to back along the side below the doors. They're trim panels and are usually overlooked since they're small and don't tend to do anything other than complete the look of your car.

1. Brake drum
   Cam shaft
2. Connecting rod
   Radiator

The brake drum is the cylinder that presses against the shoe when the brake is depressed to create friction that in turn slows the motion of the wheels. That's what stops the car, and though they're typically iron, they will break down eventually.

1. Dynamometer
   Alternator
2. Inverter
   Starter solenoid

A starter solenoid transmits a current from your battery to your starter. Without this is in place, your car isn't going to start at all, so it's a small but important part of the whole chain of operations.

1. Muffler
   Inverter
2. Silencer
   Piston

A car's muffler has one purpose, and that is to muffle noise (hence the clever name). It's usually easy to spot a car with a busted muffler because it will be preposterously loud as it goes down the street.

1. Flywheel
   Camshaft
2. Heat shield
   Invertor

The flywheel is between the transmission and engine of a manual-transmission engine, and its automatic counterpart is the flex plate. It stores energy from the crankshaft to ensure the motion stays smooth and consistent.

1. Spark plug
   Ignition coil
2. Solenoid
   Heat shield

Some metals conduct electricity while resisting corrosion better than others which is part of the reason they're so valuable in the first place. That, in turn, is why spark plugs are often made from metal like platinum and palladium.

1. Oil filter
   Clutch pedal
2. Brake pads
   Fuel injector

It's a good idea to give your brake pads a look every 5,000 miles or so to make sure they're looking good, but after 50,000 miles of use, they probably need to be repalced to ensure a smooth and safe ride.

1. Camshaft
   Gudgeon pin
2. Differential
   Clutch

The camshaft in an engine is a cylindrical rod that operates the poppet valves. It's part of the crucial timing system that allows pistons to rise and fall and fuel and air to be ignited in the exact right sequence for optimal performance.

1. Carrier assembly
   Clutch disc
2. Trailing arm
   Transmission pan

A major part of any car's clutch assembly, the clutch disc is between the flywheel and the pressure plate. Often, these are made of steel, but more exotic materials that can stand up to punishment like Kevlar are used sometimes as well.

1. Solenoid
   Ignition coil
2. Glow plug
   Map sensor

A car battery is 12.6 volts or so, which is not very high at all. The ignition coil, however, converts that 12.6 volts into several thousand volts that are needed to create that spark in the spark plug to ignite the fuel mixture.

1. Gudgeon pin
   Kingpin
2. Drive belt
   Connecting rod

It doesn't have the most clever name in the world, or maybe it does since it's so simple, but a connecting rod connects the pistons to the crankshaft. It's the motion of the connecting rod that helps convert the reciprocating motion to rotational motion.

1. Differenital
   Axle
2. Drivetrain
   Rocker arm

The differential is part of the car's axle that allows the split of torque between wheels. That means when you're taking a turn, the differential ensures that the inside wheel is rotating at, say, 15 RPMs less, the outside wheel compensates by increasing the RPMs by 15, for example.

1. Fuel injector
   Flex rod
2. Rocker arm
   Axle

They're not the most technical part of the car but one of the most essential. Axles are the roads through which the rotational energy from the engine is applied to the wheels and actually allows the car to move.

1. Transmission pan
   Sump
2. Fuel tank
   Reservoir

Your fuel has to be stored in something, and that's where your fuel tank comes in. Fuel tanks are generally made of steel or aluminum in older cars, and in newer models, you'll find more HDPE or high-density polyethylene, which can be molded into any shape imaginable to fit wherever there's room. Shown here is a cutaway of a high-density polyethylene automobile fuel tank with a submersible pump, level sensor and other components.

1. Bell housing
   Radiator
2. Crankcase
   Heat shield

What's a crankcase? It's the house for the crankshaft that keeps it protected from mechanical interference and also the elements and grease. Older cars had them separate from the engine, but in modern ones, they're integrated parts.

1. Fuel injectors
   Inverter
2. Radiator
   Gearbox

Fuel injection is the process of mixing fuel and air together in the engine to allow for combustion. A fuel-injection system allows for precise mixtures and therefore much more efficient engines than older methods.

1. Oil pan
   Rocker arm
2. Clutch
   Flywheel

The rocker arm in your engine changes the spinning motion in the camshaft into up and down movement that opens and closes the poppet valves. Rocker arms are made of steel, which gives them the strength to apply a good amount of leverage.

1. Crankcase
   Engine block
2. Rocker
   Bell housing

The engine block is that big metal block with the piston cylinders in it that everyone recognizes as the heart of an engine, whether they know anything else about engines or not. The crank case is a separate compartment that will be attached to it.

1. Radiator
   Invertor
2. Carburetor
   Alternator

A radiator is a pretty simple heat exchange that absorbs heat from the engine thanks to a circulating fluid (in this case, coolant). Older engines just used water, but of course, that had a bad habit of evaporating pretty quickly.

1. Drive belt
   Alternator
2. Invertor
   Battery

Also known by the much cooler named of serpentine belt, the drive belt works on a pulley to provide power to the air conditioner, the alternator, the power steering and sometimes other parts of the engine as well.

1. Oil filter
   Oil pan
2. Sump
   Fuel injector

How do you filter unwanted grit and sludge out of your oil? With an oil filter. You should probably replace that filter every 3,000 miles or so, but your owner's manual will have the most accurate recommendation.

1. Air conditioning
   Insulator panel
2. Buffer panel
   Heat shield

There's nothing fancy about the heat shield in your car; it's just metal panels around the exhaust system that protect the rest of your car from that heat as it dissipates. Without them, you'd risk a lot of damage to parts that aren't meant to be hot.

1. Catalytic converter
   Tappet
2. Sump
   Exhaust pipe

The pipes in the exhaust system of a car are used to take the gases produced after fuel has been burnt and filter them away from the engine, typically out of the back of the vehicle. A malfunctioning exhaust pipe can be fatal, so make sure they work.

1. Fuel tank
   Radiator
2. Oil pan
   Crankcase

The oil pan in an engine is bolted below the engine and holds anywhere from 6 to 8 quarts usually. The oil held here is integral to proper engine function as it both lubricates and cools parts as it circulates through the engine.

1. Pinion
   Alternator
2. Crankshaft
   Piston

No combustion engine is working without pistons in the cylinders. When the fuel gets ignited, the resulting explosion moves the piston down the cylinder, creating energy that turns the crankshaft and makes the engine work. This provides motion for the automobile. It's all very precise.

1. Pinion
   Kingpin
2. Rocker arm
   Connecting rod

It's not just a Marvel Comics villain! The kingpin was the pivot that allowed for turning and steering on an axle. It's very old-school technology and had its origins in wagons. It's not seen often in modern vehicles, but some trucks still use this kind of suspension.

1. Solenoid
   Turbocharger
2. Battery
   Ignition coil

Nothing electrical in a car is going to work without a battery to power it, and that includes the spark needed to ignite the air and fuel mixture that actually makes the car go. The main purpose of the battery is to get the starter going, though.

1. Mass airflow sensor
   Knock sensor
2. Light sensor
   Throttle position sensor

The mass airflow sensor is a key sensor for a fuel injection engine as it determines the amount of air flowing in that will then be mixed with the fuel to allow for proper combustion. The mix of air and fuel needs to be monitored constantly.

1. Rocker arm
   Strut
2. Shock absorber
   Pinion

Not everyone is aware of the physics behind a shock absorber, but they take all that bumping and rattling and motion (the kinetic energy of your car moving) and absorb it as the name suggests, but they're changing it into heat. That heat is then dissipated; it's usually in oil, but in some fancy shocks, there will be things like nitrogen to help the job.

1. Gudgeon pin
   Kingpin
2. Piston pin
   Cotter pin

They called it a gudgeon pin in the U.K., but most Americans call it a wrist pin. This is what connects a piston to a connecting rod because they can't just hold hands. The connecting rod can pivot on the gudgeon pin as the piston moves.